Awareness on smoking and drinking powerpoint presentation

What is tobacco

• Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines. It is most commonly used as a drug, and is a valuable cash crop for countries such as Cuba, India, China, and the United States. Tobacco is a name for any plant of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family (nightshade family) and for the product manufactured from the leaf used in cigars and cigarettes, snuff, and pipe and chewing tobacco. 

Tobacco smoking

• Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks,  strokes,lung cancer etc.
• Tobacco smoke can combine with other carcinogens present within the environment in order to produce elevated degrees of lung cancer.
• The World Health Organization estimate that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century.

Risk of smoking

• Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that are harmful to both smokers and non-smokers. Breathing even a little tobacco smoke can be harmful .
• Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia .
• Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer.

What is a cigarette made up of ?

• A cigarette is made up of these following chemicals:
• Arsenic
• Benzene
• Beryllium (a toxic metal)
• 1,3–Butadiene (a hazardous gas)
• Cadmium (a toxic metal)
• Chromium (a metallic element)
• Ethylene oxide
• Nickel (a metallic element)
• Polonium-210 (a radioactive chemical element)
• Vinyl chloride

Women  smoking

• Women smokers are far more likely to be killed by their habit today than they were in the 1960s, a major study has found.
• The increased risk greatly outweighs improvements in medicine that have cut death rates among the majority of the population in the last 50 years.
• In the 1960s, smoking raised a woman's chances of dying from lung cancer 2.7 times. By the period 2000 to 2010 this had surged to a 25-fold higher level of risk.
• A similar trend holds true for deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), another smoking-related  condition.

Hookah

•  hookah (hukkā or huqqah) also known as a waterpipe  ,arghile, or qalyān is a single or multi-stemmed instrument for smoking flavoured tobacco called shisha in which the smoke is passed through a water basin (often glass based) before inhalation. The origin of the hookah is around the area which includes India and Persia, or at a transition point between the two. The word hookah is a derivative of "huqqa", which is what the Indians used to call it

Alcohol

• The long term effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.  High levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer.

Bad facts about alcohol uses

•  In small quantities, a drinker will feel relaxed, talkative and more confident. These effects increase as more alcohol is drunk, together with a gradual loss of balance, coordination and judgment, which can lead to accidents occurring. At higher levels, a drinker may vomit, become unable to walk, lose bladder control or even pass out. Dangerously high levels of alcohol can even cause coma or death.

How is alcohol made?

• Ethanol is commercially produced using a process called fermentation. Many other alcohols can be made this way, but are more likely to be produced by synthetic routes - from natural gas, oil or coal.
• Fermentation is the process in which yeast breaks down sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Yeast are tiny single-celled fungi that contain special enzymes responsible for this reaction.
• Glucose + yeast  alcohol + carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas bubbles out of the fermenting solution into the air leaving a mixture of ethanol and water. It's important that no air is present or the yeast will produce ethanoic acid - the chemical found in vinegar.

• Drinking causes cirrhosis
• Cirrhosis is essentially a scarring of the liver. Healthy tissue of the liver is replaced with fibrosis, or scar tissue. As this scar tissue builds up, it prevents the liver from functioning properly, which can lead to bile build-up in the blood. Clotting may lessen and blood pressure may rise. Some of the most common symptoms of cirrhosis include lack of appetite, accompanied by weight loss, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, cognitive impairment (confusion and lack of concentration), tremors, internal bleeding and coma.
• Drinking causes pancreatitis
• Another common disease associated with alcohol abuse is pancreatitis, characterized by an inflammation of the pancreas and, much like cirrhosis, ultimate scarring of the organ. This scarring affects the production of insulin and the way in which sugar is released into the bloodstream. It often presents itself with severe abdominal pain that is typically accompanied by vomiting or nausea, the sweats and a fever.
• Drinking causes hypertension
• While more of a condition than a disease, hypertension, or high blood pressure, is another result of alcohol abuse. This condition is distinguished by essentially too much blood being forced through the arteries, which can damage the walls of these arteries and lead to a stroke, heart disease, heart attack, angina, pulmonary edema and an aneurysm. Though high blood pressure is often seen as a hereditary condition, it can present itself in someone without a family history and even worsen hypertension in someone predisposed to it through genetics.

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